In this conversation with Ambassador Juan González-Barba—former Spanish Secretary of State for the European Union and one of Spain’s most thoughtful voices on European affairs—we explore questions that reach far beyond Europe itself. At a time of growing geopolitical rivalry, nationalism, and fragmentation, can the European project remain faithful to its founding ideals while adapting to a rapidly changing world? Should Europe define itself primarily by geography or by shared values? Can it provide an alternative model of leadership based on democracy, the rule of law, multilateralism, and human dignity? And could it help build a broader coalition of middle powers committed to strengthening international cooperation? Drawing on more than three decades of diplomatic experience, Ambassador González-Barba offers a measured, historically informed, and refreshingly pragmatic perspective on Europe’s future and its place in the emerging international order. Whether discussing integration, strategic autonomy, defence, or the moral foundations of the European project, his reflections are thoughtful, balanced, and deeply relevant to the global challenges we face today.